First launch 25.10.2025

IMX678 vs. IMX415 & IMX675 vs. IMX335: A Deep Dive into the STARVIS 2 Generational Leap

In modern camera system design, the selection of the CMOS image sensor is the most critical decision an engineering team can make. It is the bedrock upon which all subsequent performance is built. At the popular 8MP (4K) and 5MP resolution nodes, Sony’s STARVIS sensors have long been the industry benchmark. The IMX415 and IMX335, powered by the first generation of STARVIS technology, became the undisputed workhorses of their respective markets.

Now, their successors have arrived. The IMX678 and IMX675, built on the next-generation STARVIS 2 architecture, are challenging the status quo. But what does this generational leap truly mean in terms of performance?

This article is an engineering-level deep dive into these four key sensors. We will move beyond a simple datasheet comparison to analyze the fundamental architectural differences and provide a clear framework for selecting the optimal sensor for your next project.

The Fundamental Shift: Understanding STARVIS 1 vs. STARVIS 2

To understand the difference between these sensor pairs, one must first understand the architectural evolution from STARVIS 1 to STARVIS 2. While the first generation of STARVIS revolutionized low-light performance with its Back-Side Illuminated (BSI) structure, STARVIS 2 is a more profound leap forward, primarily focused on dramatically enhancing Dynamic Range and Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR).

The key innovations in the STARVIS 2 architecture lie in optimizing the photodiode structure within the pixel. By employing a stacked architecture and refining the shape and position of the light-capturing photodiode, STARVIS 2 achieves two crucial physical improvements:

1. Higher Quantum Efficiency (QE): A greater percentage of incoming photons are successfully converted into electrons, improving light sensitivity, especially in NIR spectrums.
2. Higher Full Well Capacity (FWC): Each pixel can hold a significantly larger charge (more electrons) before becoming saturated (overexposed). This is the physical foundation for capturing a much wider range of light intensity in a single scene.

Together, these architectural improvements mean STARVIS 2 sensors can deliver cleaner images in low light and, most importantly, capture an immensely wider dynamic range, making them fundamentally superior in challenging, high-contrast lighting conditions.

The 4K/8MP Showdown: IMX678 (STARVIS 2) vs. IMX415 (STARVIS 1)

At the 4K resolution node, the IMX415 has been the go-to sensor for years. The IMX678 is its direct successor, designed to set a new performance standard.

Comprehensive Parameter Comparison

Summary & Selection Recommendation

• IMX678 (STARVIS 2): This is the undisputed performance leader for new 4K designs. Its superiority in dynamic range, low-light performance, and NIR sensitivity is not incremental but transformational, directly resulting from its larger sensor, larger pixels, and the advanced STARVIS 2 architecture.
• IMX415 (STARVIS 1): This sensor remains a viable, cost-effective choice for projects where cost is the primary driver. Its mature ecosystem and extensive third-party ISP support make it a low-risk option for updates to existing product lines or for applications in controlled, predictable lighting environments.

The 5MP Workhorse Battle: IMX675 (STARVIS 2) vs. IMX335 (STARVIS 1)

The IMX335 is arguably one of the most successful and widely adopted sensors in the history of the security industry. The IMX675 is its designated successor, aiming to bring the benefits of STARVIS 2 to this critical market segment.

Comprehensive Parameter Comparison

Summary & Selection Recommendation

• IMX675 (STARVIS 2): This sensor establishes the new benchmark for high-performance 5MP imaging. Its ability to deliver elite-level dynamic range in a standard 1/2.8" format is its key value proposition. It allows product designers to offer a demonstrably superior image in real-world conditions.
• IMX335 (STARVIS 1): The IMX335 remains the undisputed king of value. Its combination of "good enough" performance for many applications, a deeply entrenched and mature ecosystem, and an aggressive price point makes it the default choice for high-volume, cost-driven projects.

Practical Guide: A Framework for Your Decision

Your choice between these generations should be driven by your product's market position and its intended operating environment.

When to stick with STARVIS 1 (IMX415/IMX335):

• When cost optimization is the single most important project constraint.
• When the project is a minor revision of an existing, mature product line, and minimizing R&D overhead is critical.
• When the end-use application will be in controlled and evenly lit environments, where the advanced dynamic range of STARVIS 2 would not provide a significant benefit.

When you must upgrade to STARVIS 2 (IMX678/IMX675):

• When the product is a new, high-performance flagship design intended to lead the market.
• When the camera must perform reliably in unpredictable, high-contrast lighting (e.g., outdoor applications, vehicle-mounted systems, cameras facing windows or doorways).
• When superior low-light clarity and best-in-class dynamic range are key marketing features for your product.
• When the application depends on strong Near-Infrared (NIR) performance for nighttime vision with IR illumination.

Conclusion: An Architectural Victory, A New Era of Image Quality

The evolution from STARVIS 1 to STARVIS 2 is not an incremental spec bump; it is a fundamental architectural victory that redefines the performance baseline. The dramatic improvements in dynamic range and signal-to-noise ratio unlock new capabilities for embedded vision systems in challenging real-world environments. The choice is no longer just about megapixels; it is about selecting a sensor whose core technology is engineered to conquer the specific challenges of your application.

As a leading provider of camera modules, we offer optimized solutions for all four of these sensors. Contact our engineering team for detailed performance data and an in-depth consultation to select the optimal vision engine for your next project.